The Ruins of Troy. As Ruínas de Troia- Compact English Book - Unit 8

Unit 8 The ruins of Troy
Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890), a German merchant w had become a millionaire by the age of 36, discovered the ruins Troy in 1873. Since his childhood the story of the City and its war had fascinated him, as told by the Greek poet, Homer, in the Iliad (‘Ilium’ was another name for Troy)
In the mid 1800s many scholars thought the Iliad was fiction, but

Schliemann believed exactly the contrary. As he was studying the text, he came to the conclusion that the site was in northwestern Turkey, in Hissarlik. After he had dug there for months he found the ruins not of one City, but of nine, each built on the ruins of the previous one, forming nine layers. When excavations had finished, he could gather treasures of gold, silver and jewelry
Schliemann had imagined that Homer’s Troy was layer IX (2200 BC), but archeologists discovered later that it was layer VII, a smal1 fortified city, destroyed by fire and violence in 1200 BC, just as the Iliad recounts.
Adapted from The Giant Book of Facts, Octopus Books Ltd 1989, p. 291. in: Compact English Books Edit FTD. 1998; Unit 8; Pg 102/3).
Vocabulary
mid — middle scholar — expert, erudite

as — when to dig— to excavate

to gather — to collect just — exactly

Check Your Reading1. According to the text, Heinrich Schliemann:
a) firstly discovered the ruins and then became rich.
b) first became rich and then discovered the ruins.
c) became rich after he had discovered the ruins.
d) became a millionaire in 1873.
e) had a fascination for wars and Troy.

2. The Iliad is the name of a:
a) poet.

b) Greek.

c) war.

d) book

e) place

3. Read the statements below:

I. Troy was considered fiction until 1873.
II. Schliemann discovered the site of Troy reading the Iliad.
III. The nine cities discovered were side by side.

Now circle the correct alternative.
a) all statements are correct

b) no statement is correct

c) only statement I is correct
d) only statement III is correct

e) only statement I and II are correct

4. In the clause “As he was studying the text”, an approximate meaning for as is:
a) then.

b) how.

c) when.

d) them.

e) where.

5. Circle the alternative that has a wrong definition for the words given.
a) merchant — a person who buys and sells things
b) childhood — the time of life before adolescence
c) scholar — a school student
d) layer — stratum; a quantity of some material spread on a surface
e) archeologist — a person that studies the history and culture of ancient societies

THE  ACE = O GABARITO: 1 = b); 2 = d); 3 = e); 4 = c); e 5 = c).

Grammar in Focus

past continuous Forma Afirmativa - Sujeito + was/were + verbo + -ing

Pessoas do singular - usamos WAS
I, He, She, It was sleeping.

pessoas do plural - usamos WEREYou, We, They were singing old songs.

NegativeIt was not (wasn’t) raining hard.
We were not (weren’t) reading the Iliad.

Interrogative
Was it raining hard?
Were you studying history?

Interrogativo-negativa
Was it not (Wasn’t it) raining hard?
Were they not (Weren’t they) living in Turkey?

Uso do Past Continuous

Descreve uma ação que estava ocorrendo em certo período no passado. Um advérbio pode ser usado para definir o tempo em que a ação estava acontecendo:
He was smoking too much last year Ele estava fumando demais no ano passado.
At midday we were having lunch. Ao meio-dia nós estávamos almoçando.

• Indica uma ação que se repetia freqüentemente no passado.
Nesses casos é comum o emprego dos frequency adverbs:
They were always chewing gums. Eles estavam sempre mascando chicletes.

• Descreve duas ações que estavam acontecendo simultaneamente no passado.

Geralmente usa-se a conjunção while (enquanto):
You were washing the dishes while Jane was drying her hair.
Você estava lavando a louça enquanto Jane estava secando o cabelo.

• Indica uma ação que estava em andamento no passado quando outra ação, expressa pelo Simple Past, aconteceu:
When (As) he was studying the text, he came to this conclusion.
Quando ele estava estudando o texto, ele chegou a esta conclusão.

Duas ações passadas podem ser expressas através do Simple Past quando a segunda ação é conseqüência da primeira ou quando as duas ações aconteceram imediatamente uma após a outra:He fell down and broke his leg. Ele caiu e quebrou a perna.

When I turned on the TV, I saw the scenes of the disaster.
Quando eu liguei a TV eu vi as cenas do desastre.

Drills = Exercises

a) Translate the sentences below into English.
1. Onde vocês estavam morando no ano passado?
2. o que você estava fazendo aqui ontem?
3. Ela estava sempre perguntando sobre ele.
4. Não estava chovendo quando eu cheguei em casa.
5. Enquanto nós estávamos trabalhando, eles estavam dormindo.

b) complete as sentenças abaixo usando o Past Continuous ou o simple Past dos verbos entre parênteses.
1. He …………………….. (to bleed=hemorrhage ) when he ……………..(to come) to hospital.

2. As the teachers ……………………… (to explain) the subjects, I …………….(to feel) more secure about them.

3. While they …………….(to clean) the windows, you …………..(to water) the garden.

4. It …………………… (to get) dark when it ……………… (to start) to rain.

5. When we ………. (to live) in Ohio, my father …………(to have) a small business there.

THE ACE 1. was bleeding / came;  2. explained / was feeling;  3.cleaned/ watered/ 4. was getting / started; 5. lived / had.

Present Continuous (to be + verb + ing)PALAVRAS – CHAVE: Now (= agora) At this moment (= neste momento)

AFIRMATIVEI am writing.

You are writing
He is writing

She is writing
It is writing.

We are wriring.
You are ...
They are ...

INTERROGATIVE

Am I ?

Are you ?

Is he ?

Is she ?

Is it writing?
Are we

Are you

Are they

NEGATIVE

I'm not writing
You aren’t writing

He isn't writing
She isn't writing

It isn't writing.

We aren't ...

You aren’t...

They aren't ...