PROVA DE INGLÊS do PAS. 1ª ETAPA de 2012. Caderno Futebol.

Prova de Inglês do PAS da 1ª Etapa de 2012. Cad Futebol.

Women at the Olympic Games

    The road to equality for women at the Olympic Games has been long and difficult, and there is still a long way to go. Participation in the Ancient Olympic Games was limited to male athletes only. The only way women could participate was as owners of horses. There are records of several winning women horse owners. As the owner of the horse teams, the women were considered winners, but very probably they weren’t even present at the events.

    Even in the early years of the modern Olympics, women were not well represented. They participated for the first time at the 1900 Games with the inclusion of women's events in tennis and golf. Women's athletics and gymnastics started only at the 1928 Olympics. Over time more women's events were added. In 2012, women's boxing was introduced. Now, all sports are permitted for women!

        Equality in the opportunity to compete is one thing, but in many countries women still do not have equal rights to participate in sports and the opportunity to participate in the Olympic Games. On July 12th, just two weeks before the beginning of the 2012 Olympic Games, Saudi Arabia announced that the country would send two women to compete judo and athletics for the first time in history. But Qatar and Brunei still prohibit women participation in the Games.

 Internet: <www.topendsports.com> (adapted).

Based on the article above, judge the following items.

    1 Nowadays, all countries send women athletes to the Olympic Games.

   2  Only men could participate in the Ancient Olympic Games.

   3  Women´s role in the Ancient Olympics was dependent on their ownership of horses.

   4  In the modern Olympic Games, one of the first sports which permitted women athletes was golf.

2016 Olympics – Rio de Janeiro

The city of Rio de Janeiro will organize the 31st Olympic

Games of the Modern Era. The choice was announced after three

rounds of voting by members of the International Olympic

Committee (IOC) on October 2nd, 2009 at the 121st IOC Meeting,

in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Seven cities were initially proposed by their National

Olympic Committees to host the 2016 Games: Chicago (USA),

Prague (CZE), Tokyo (JPN), Rio de Janeiro (BRA), Baku (AZE),

Doha (QAT) and Madrid (ESP). On June 4th 2008, the IOC

Executive Board selected four cities to enter the Candidate City

phase of the process. The cities were the following:

– Chicago (USA)

– Tokyo (JPN)

– Rio de Janeiro (BRA)

– Madrid (ESP)

Internet: <brandonmoller.com>.   

          During the vote on October 2nd, 2009, Rio de Janeiro triumphed by taking 66 votes compared to Madrid’s 32. This gave Rio the majority that it needed to be elected as the host city for the 2016 Games. Rio won a difficult competition because the other three candidates were very strong cities.

Internet: <www.olympic.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following items.

5 The potential host cities were reduced to almost half of their

original number by the Executive Board of the International

Olympic Committee.

6 The only European candidate city received less than half the

votes that Rio obtained.

7 The other three candidate cities were poorly prepared to host

the Games.

8 It was the third attempt to bring the Olympic Games to

beautiful Rio de Janeiro.

9 The members of the IOC had to vote three times before Rio

was eventually selected.

 Internet: <www.google.com.br>.

10 The cartoon is considered funny because

       A.        there are only two people playing.

         B.        the players are wearing no shoes.

         C.         the ball is a piece of rock.

         D.        there is no net in the goal.

CESPE/UnB – PAS 1.ª ETAPA  Subprograma 2012 – Primeira Etapa Caderno: Futebol – pg 3 –

The ACE = O Gabarito (From CESPE/UnB)  1E  2E  3C   4C   5C  6C  7E   8E   9C   10C

Prova de Inglês do PAS UnB da 1ª Etapa de 2010, com gabarito oficial.

This text refers to items from 1 to 7. (Os números no início das linhas estão nas provas originais)

Adolescence and the pursuit of popularity

1 Early  adolescence (around ages 9 - 13) marks the

beginning of an age of more dislike.

First, there is more dislike of self as “child”, second,

4 there is more dislike for parents and from parents, and third,

there is more dislike of family.

The onset of adolescence brings a degree of

7 alienation from self, parents, and family. As one young man

put it; “Home is where you have to live when you’re not

hanging out with your friends.” It’s not that young persons

10 and parents love each other any less, only that they

frequently dislike each other more.

So where can they recover lost liking? For most

13 young people, the answer is in the company of friends who

one feels like, who one likes, and who give liking in return.

But finding friends, and keeping friends, and staying friends

16 is an enormous challenge because everyone is changing just

like you. Everyone is feeling more alienated from family just

like you, and filled with self-doubt just like you.

19 This is why striving for social connection and place

among peers becomes so desperately important, and why

more social cruelty (teasing, exclusion, bullying, rumoring,

22 ganging up) is the outgrowth of this competition, particularly

during the late elementary and middle school years.

At this hard time, the propaganda of popularity can

25 be pretty persuasive: “become popular and all your worries

and problems about social belonging with peers will be

solved and you will feel secure.” Popularity means you have

28 a well-established social place among peers who want to be

with you, with whom you have social standing, with whom

you can hang out, and who can provide the accepting

31 companionship you need.

So at school, group affiliation is often signified by a certain

gathering space, a physical place, like a hallway or courtyard

34 at breaks or a table at lunch. If you have a place to hang out

that means you have a gang of friends.

You don’t want to be unpopular because you fear

37 your peers may ignore or avoid you because they fear being

known by the company they keep. However, some of the

common costs that sometimes come with being very popular

40are:                                                                                                                                    — Popularity brings pressure — to belong you have

to conform, being like, behaving like, and believing like

43 other members of your group.                                                                                                                                                                                                                       44 — Popularity is precarious — people can vote you

in and they can vote you out, and “elections” can be held at

a moment’s notice when you accidentally offend or someone

47 “better” comes along.

— Popularity is partly unpopular — while some

people admire you, others envy you, can get jealous, and

50 want to bring you down.

— Popularity can be limiting - the more you invest

in popularity at school, the less you are likely to invest in

53 creating a social life outside school.

Most important, popularity and friendship are not

the same. Popularity is political; friendship is personal.

56 Popularity is about rank; friendship is about relationship.

Popularity is more casual; friendship is more caring.

So what is better than trying to be really popular?

59 Consider just being content with having a few close friends

you can trust, acquaintances that can be fun to be with, and

having the capacity to enjoy the pleasure of your own

62 company when you are alone.

Consider even taking time with family — that

lifelong group that will still be with you long after most of

65 these peers, who seem so important now, will have grown up

and gone their separate ways.

Carl Pickhardt, Internet: <www.psychologytoday.com> (adapted).

Using the text above as reference, answer the following items.

1 It can be inferred from the text that being part of a group is

the key to feeling secure.

2 According to the text, insecurity and fear may lead

adolescents to exhibit antisocial and cruel behavior.

3 The word “onset” (L.6) means beginning.

4 The word “This” (L.19) refers to more alienated.

5 The word “pretty” (L.25) is the antonym of ugly.

6 It can be inferred from the text that belonging to a group is

not synonymous with being happy.

7 According to the text, belonging to a group makes you

invulnerable to all other fears.

Subprograma 2010 – Primeira Etapa Caderno Pampulha – 3 –

The Use of Abbreviations in Text Messages

1 I want to do this! What’s This?              

The trend of thumb-typing text messages onto a tiny cell phone screen has given rise to a whole new system of abbreviations and altered grammar. Parents, teachers, and adults in general, do not approve it. Teachers complain

4 that students are using abbreviations in schoolwork, too. However, reality is there and many adults have come across these abbreviations without having a clue as to their meaning. To many people, the SMS-speak is intuitively simple. For others, though, learning and using the system can take some time. The following steps will help you to use and

7 understand text message abbreviations.

Step 1: Substitute single letters for words. The simplest abbreviations are the very obvious substitutions of

letters for words that have the same sound as the letter’s name. You can substitute “b” for the word “be”, “c” for

10 “see”, “n” for “in” and “y” for “why.” There are many other possible substitutions, so use your imagination to start

abbreviating SMS messages.

Step 2: Use numbers instead of words or letters. Text message senders found that numbers such as 8, 4 and

13 2 are excellent abbreviations for words and syllables. You can use the number 4 instead of “for” and the number 2

in place of “to” or “too.” The number 8 can stand in for “ate” or as parts of words, as in “18” to mean “late.”

Step 3: Try some digital speak. A few basic abbreviations are used universally for electronic

16 communications. “Lol” is a common abbreviation that stands for “laughing out loud.” “Brb,” or “be right back,” is

another frequently used abbreviation. Check out some other general abbreviations that are used by the speakers of

digital and Internet languages.

19 Step 4: Look up or translate what you don’t know. Fortunately, there are a number of online resources to

help you fill in the blanks of what you don’t know. The SMS glossary at Environmental Studies is a good place to

look up text message terms.

Internet: </www.ehow.com> (adapted).

Judge items 8 and 9 and follow directions for item 10 (type C).

8 The main idea of the text is that people should resist the temptation of using abbreviations in text messages.

9 Based on texts 1 and 2, it can be said that one of the reasons adolescents use abbreviations may be not to be considered unpopular.

10 The abbreviations which better express the phrase “I owe you one” in a text message, based on steps 1 and 2 in the text are:

A I O Y O.

B AY OH Y 1.

C I O U 1.

D IE OH U O.

Subprograma 2010 – Primeira Etapa Caderno Pampulha – 4 –

Gabarito oficial - 1E 2C 3C 4E 5E 6C 7E 8E 9C 10C