Sightseeing in London - Passeio em Londres
“We've been to Buckingham Palace for the Changing of the Guard,We've walked as far as Trafalgar Square
To see the two art-galleries there;
We've looked at Scotland Yard.
And now you suggest that before it's dark
We should visit the Zoo in Regent's Park!
When tubes and buses are tightly packed
And I am feeling completely whacked!
Do you realise, Henry darling, that we've had no lunch or tea?
And these fashionable sandals are nearly killing me!
So, unless you find a café for a coffee and a snack,
Though we left home only yesterday, I'll catch the next train back!”
(Dilys A. M. Rembowska. Sound, Sense and Rhythm. Longman, 1967, p.9)
Vocabulary
fashionable — chic, elegant;
tightly — compactly; nearly — almost
whacked — exhausted; unless — if not, except
to realise — to understand; though — although;
in spite of - the fact that
Check your reading
1. We can infer from the text that:
a)sightseeing in London is an exhausting experience.
b)it is possible to see London on a single day.
c)there is a boy anxious to see more of London, but his mother is tired.
d)there are three tourists involved in the story.
e)some suggestions can be easily accepted.
2. Circle the wrong alternative.
a) The author won't have time to visit the zoo.
b)The author is tired of visiting so many places.
c)The author is hungry.
d)The author feels uncomfortable with her sandals.
e)The author hasn't had lunch yet.
3. The characters in the story may have come from any of the countries below except from:
a)France.
b)Canada.
c)Germany.
d)Italy.
e)Spain.
4. When a bus is tightly packed it is:
a)late.
b)empty
c)departed.
d)developed.
e)crowded.
5. Tube and café in the text mean:
a)a long cylinder made of plastic, metal, rubber or glass — restaurant
b)television — a dark brown powder with a strong flavor and smell.
c)London's underground train system — coffee shop.
d)England's railroad — a drink or beverage.
e)England's railway — French restaurant.
(By Wilson Liberato; In: Compact English Book; Vol único; Ed FTD, P 140/6)
THE ACE = O GABARITO: Fornecido pelos autores no "Livro do Professor"
1a. 2a. 3b. 4e. 5c.
GRAMMAR = STRUCTURES
Present Perfect - affirmative form
Sujeito + have/has + participio passado do verbo principal
I, you, We, They have walked to Trafalgar Square.
He, She, It has walked to Trafalgar Square.
Obs.: A forma contracta de have é 've
We've (We have) been to Buckingham Palace.
A forma contracta de has é 's:
He's (He has) visited Regent's Park.
Negative We have not (haven't) gone to the Zoo.
She has not (hasn't) seen the art-galleries.
Interrogative
Have they seen the palace?
Has he looked at the Scotland Yard?
Interrogative-negative Has she not visited the zoo?
Hasn't she visited the zoo?
Have they not been to London before? Haven't they been to London before?
Uso do Present Perfect :Descreve uma ação iniciada no passado e que continua no presente ou, pelo menos, cujos efeitos continuam sendo observados:
That decision has changed his life.
Aquela decisão mudou/tem mudado a vida dele.
(A decisão mudou e vai continuar a mudar a vida dele.)
Obs.: Muitas vezes confunde-se o Present Perfect com o Simple Past.
No entanto, cada um deles expressa uma idéia distinta. Veja:
Simple Past She traveled to London last year.
Ela viajou para Londres no ano passado.
A ação começou e terminou no passado:
Ela viajou para Londres no ano passado e, desde então, não viajou mais.
DRILL = EXERCISES - THE ACES ARE AT THE END.
Present Perfect
She has traveled to London.
Ela viaja/tem viajado para Londres.
Neste caso, a ação começou no passado e continua no presente: Ela viajou e continua a viajar para Londres ou ainda está lá.
Complete the sentences with the Simple Past or the Present Perfect
1. I ______(to see) this film two years ago.
2. She ________(to find) a new love now.
3. Shakespeare ______(not to write) The Phantom of The Opera.
4. We _______ (not to be) to London this year.
5. What ______ you ______ (to do) this week.
Grammar = Structures
Advérbios usados:
• always — sempre
the answers have always been the same.
As respostas têm sido sempre as mesmas.
• never — nunca
We have never had Latin classes.
Nunca tivemos aulas de latim.
• ever — já; alguma vez (geralmente usado em perguntas)
Have you ever studied Latin?
Você já estudou latim?
• already — já (indica um fato consumado e sobre o qual se esta falando)
We have already heard this song.
Já ouvimos esta canção.
I have had lunch already. Eu já almocei.
OBS: Always, never e ever geralmente são posicionados entre o auxiliar (have/has) e o verbo principal.
• yet — já (usado em orações interrogativas para indicar surpresa ou expectativa)
Have you eaten all your dessert yet?
Você já comeu toda a sua sobremesa?
• yet — ainda (usado no final de orações negativas)
The train hasn't arrived yet.
O trem não chegou ainda.
• just — muito recentemente (expressa uma ação que acabou de acontecer)
She's just lost her last chance.
Ela acaba/acabou de perder sua última chance.
• lately — ultimamente
I haven't gone to the theater lately.
Eu não tenho ido ao teatro ultimamente.
• recently — recentemente
He has changed his job recently.
Ele mudou de emprego recentemente.
Obs.: Lately, recently e yet geralmente são posicionados no final da oração.
Exercises = drills: Reescreva usando the adverbs dos parênteses:
1. I have taken this bus. (never)
2. Have you read Hamlet? (ever)
3. They have shut the windows. (already)
4. The teacher hasn't taught it. (yet)
5. You have said the opposite. (just)
Prepositions and time expressions:
For — durante, por
I have worked as a nurse for ten years.
Eu tenho trabalhado/trabalho como enfermeira por dez anos.
since — desde
I have lived here since 1988.
Eu tenho morado/moro aqui desde 1988.
so far / up to now — até agora
Up to now / So far they haven't told me the truth.
Até agora eles não me contaram a verdade.
Obs: • Have got/has got
Para indicar posse, podemos usar as formas have got/has got em vez de have/has no Simple Present:
have got = have has got = has
He has got some problems.= He has some problems.
Ele tem alguns problemas.What disease has he got? = what disease does he have?
Que doença ele tem?
• been (to) x gone (to)
Usa-se been (to) p lugar para indicar que alguém foi e já voltou de algum lugar
Where have you been? I have been to the park.
Onde você esteve? Estive no parque.
Have you ever been to Mexico? I have been there once.
Você já esteve no México? Eu estive lá uma vez.
Usa-se gone (to) para indicar que algo ou alguém foi embora para ficar temporária ou definitivamente:
My love has gone and I'm alone.
Meu amor partiu (foi embora) e eu estou sozinho.
All the tourists have gone back to their countries.
Todos os turistas voltaram para seus países.
THE ACES = OS GABARITOS:
I - SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT?
1- I SAW 2 - SHE HAS FOUND 3 - SHAKESPEARE DIDN'T WRITE
4 - WE HAVEN'T BEEN 5 - WHAT HAVE YOU DONE...?
II - Rewrite using the adverbs...
1. I HAVE NEVER...... 2. HAVE YOU EVER....... 3. THEY HAVE ALREADY....
4. THE TEACHER HASN'T TAUGHT YET. 5. YOU HAVE JUST ......
