This text refers to items from 1 to
7. (Os números no início das linhas estão nas provas originais)
Adolescence and the pursuit of popularity
1 Early adolescence (around ages 9 - 13) marks the
beginning of an age of more dislike.
First, there is more dislike of self
as “child”, second,
4 there is more
dislike for parents and from parents, and third,
there is more dislike of family.
The onset of adolescence brings a
degree of
7 alienation from
self, parents, and family. As one young man
put it; “Home is where you have to
live when you’re not
hanging out with your friends.” It’s
not that young persons
10 and parents
love each other any less, only that they
frequently dislike each other more.
So where can they recover lost
liking? For most
13 young people,
the answer is in the company of friends who
one feels like, who one likes, and
who give liking in return.
But finding friends, and keeping
friends, and staying friends
16 is an enormous
challenge because everyone is changing just
like you. Everyone is feeling more
alienated from family just
like you, and filled with self-doubt
just like you.
19 This is why
striving for social connection and place
among peers becomes so desperately
important, and why
more social cruelty (teasing,
exclusion, bullying, rumoring,
22 ganging up) is
the outgrowth of this competition, particularly
during the late elementary and
middle school years.
At this hard time, the propaganda of
popularity can
25 be pretty
persuasive: “become popular and all your worries
and problems about social belonging
with peers will be
solved and you will feel secure.”
Popularity means you have
28 a well-established social place among peers who want
to be
with you, with whom you have social
standing, with whom
you can hang out, and who can
provide the accepting
31 companionship
you need.
So at school, group affiliation is
often signified by a certain
gathering space, a physical place,
like a hallway or courtyard
34 at breaks or a table at lunch. If you have a place to
hang out
that means you have a gang of
friends.
You don’t want to be unpopular
because you fear
37 your peers may
ignore or avoid you because they fear being
known by the company they keep.
However, some of the
common costs that sometimes come
with being very popular
40are: — Popularity
brings pressure — to belong you have
to conform, being like, behaving
like, and believing like
43 other members
of your group. 44 — Popularity is
precarious — people can vote you
in and they can vote you out, and “elections”
can be held at
a moment’s notice when you
accidentally offend or someone
47 “better” comes
along.
— Popularity is partly unpopular —
while some
people admire you, others envy you,
can get jealous, and
50 want to bring
you down.
— Popularity can be limiting - the
more you invest
in popularity at school, the less
you are likely to invest in
53 creating a
social life outside school.
Most important, popularity and
friendship are not
the same. Popularity is political;
friendship is personal.
56 Popularity is
about rank; friendship is about relationship.
Popularity is more casual; friendship
is more caring.
So what is better than trying to be
really popular?
59 Consider just
being content with having a few close friends
you can trust, acquaintances that
can be fun to be with, and
having the capacity to enjoy the
pleasure of your own
62 company when
you are alone.
Consider even taking time with
family — that
lifelong group that will still be
with you long after most of
65 these peers,
who seem so important now, will have grown up
and gone their separate ways.
Carl Pickhardt, Internet: <www.psychologytoday.com>
(adapted).
Using the text above as reference, answer the following items.
1 It can be inferred from the text that being part of a
group is
the key to feeling secure.
2 According to the text, insecurity and fear may lead
adolescents to exhibit antisocial
and cruel behavior.
3 The word “onset” (L.6) means beginning.
4 The word “This” (L.19) refers to more alienated.
5 The word “pretty” (L.25) is the antonym of ugly.
6 It can be inferred from the text that belonging to a
group is
not synonymous with being happy.
7 According to the text, belonging to a group makes you
invulnerable to all other fears.
Subprograma 2010 – Primeira
Etapa Caderno Pampulha – 3 –
The Use of Abbreviations in Text Messages
1 I want to do this! What’s This?
The trend of thumb-typing text
messages onto a tiny cell phone screen has given rise to a whole new system of abbreviations and altered
grammar. Parents, teachers, and adults in general, do not approve it. Teachers
complain
4 that students are using abbreviations in schoolwork,
too. However, reality is there and many adults have come across these abbreviations without having a
clue as to their meaning. To many people, the SMS-speak is intuitively simple. For others, though, learning and
using the system can take some time. The following steps will help you to use
and
7 understand text message abbreviations.
Step 1: Substitute single letters
for words. The simplest abbreviations are the very obvious substitutions of
letters for words that have the same
sound as the letter’s name. You can substitute “b” for the word “be”, “c” for
10 “see”, “n” for “in” and “y” for “why.” There are many
other possible substitutions, so use your imagination to start
abbreviating SMS messages.
Step 2: Use numbers instead of words
or letters. Text message senders found that numbers such as 8, 4 and
13 2 are excellent abbreviations for words and syllables.
You can use the number 4 instead of “for” and the number 2
in place of “to” or “too.” The
number 8 can stand in for “ate” or as parts of words, as in “18” to mean “late.”
Step 3: Try some digital speak. A
few basic abbreviations are used universally for electronic
16 communications. “Lol” is a common abbreviation that
stands for “laughing out loud.” “Brb,” or “be right back,” is
another frequently used
abbreviation. Check out some other general abbreviations that are used by the
speakers of
digital and Internet languages.
19 Step 4: Look up or translate what you don’t know.
Fortunately, there are a number of online resources to
help you fill in the blanks of what
you don’t know. The SMS glossary at Environmental Studies is a good place to
look up text message terms.
Internet: </www.ehow.com>
(adapted).
Judge items 8 and 9 and follow directions for item 10 (type C).
8 The main idea of the text is that people should resist
the temptation of using abbreviations in text messages.
9 Based on texts 1 and 2, it can be said that one of the
reasons adolescents use abbreviations may be not to be considered unpopular.
10 The abbreviations which better express the phrase “I
owe you one” in a text message, based on steps 1 and 2 in the text are:
A I O Y O.
B AY OH Y 1.
C I O U 1.
D IE OH U O.
Subprograma 2010 – Primeira
Etapa Caderno Pampulha – 4 –
Gabarito oficial - 1E
2C 3C 4E 5E 6C 7E 8E 9C 10C
