PROVA DE INGLÊS do PAS. 1ª ETAPA de 2012. Caderno Futebol.

Prova de Inglês do PAS da 1ª Etapa de 2012. Cad Futebol.

Women at the Olympic Games

    The road to equality for women at the Olympic Games has been long and difficult, and there is still a long way to go. Participation in the Ancient Olympic Games was limited to male athletes only. The only way women could participate was as owners of horses. There are records of several winning women horse owners. As the owner of the horse teams, the women were considered winners, but very probably they weren’t even present at the events.

    Even in the early years of the modern Olympics, women were not well represented. They participated for the first time at the 1900 Games with the inclusion of women's events in tennis and golf. Women's athletics and gymnastics started only at the 1928 Olympics. Over time more women's events were added. In 2012, women's boxing was introduced. Now, all sports are permitted for women!

        Equality in the opportunity to compete is one thing, but in many countries women still do not have equal rights to participate in sports and the opportunity to participate in the Olympic Games. On July 12th, just two weeks before the beginning of the 2012 Olympic Games, Saudi Arabia announced that the country would send two women to compete judo and athletics for the first time in history. But Qatar and Brunei still prohibit women participation in the Games.

 Internet: <www.topendsports.com> (adapted).

Based on the article above, judge the following items.

    1 Nowadays, all countries send women athletes to the Olympic Games.

   2  Only men could participate in the Ancient Olympic Games.

   3  Women´s role in the Ancient Olympics was dependent on their ownership of horses.

   4  In the modern Olympic Games, one of the first sports which permitted women athletes was golf.

2016 Olympics – Rio de Janeiro

The city of Rio de Janeiro will organize the 31st Olympic

Games of the Modern Era. The choice was announced after three

rounds of voting by members of the International Olympic

Committee (IOC) on October 2nd, 2009 at the 121st IOC Meeting,

in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Seven cities were initially proposed by their National

Olympic Committees to host the 2016 Games: Chicago (USA),

Prague (CZE), Tokyo (JPN), Rio de Janeiro (BRA), Baku (AZE),

Doha (QAT) and Madrid (ESP). On June 4th 2008, the IOC

Executive Board selected four cities to enter the Candidate City

phase of the process. The cities were the following:

– Chicago (USA)

– Tokyo (JPN)

– Rio de Janeiro (BRA)

– Madrid (ESP)

Internet: <brandonmoller.com>.   

          During the vote on October 2nd, 2009, Rio de Janeiro triumphed by taking 66 votes compared to Madrid’s 32. This gave Rio the majority that it needed to be elected as the host city for the 2016 Games. Rio won a difficult competition because the other three candidates were very strong cities.

Internet: <www.olympic.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following items.

5 The potential host cities were reduced to almost half of their

original number by the Executive Board of the International

Olympic Committee.

6 The only European candidate city received less than half the

votes that Rio obtained.

7 The other three candidate cities were poorly prepared to host

the Games.

8 It was the third attempt to bring the Olympic Games to

beautiful Rio de Janeiro.

9 The members of the IOC had to vote three times before Rio

was eventually selected.

 Internet: <www.google.com.br>.

10 The cartoon is considered funny because

       A.        there are only two people playing.

         B.        the players are wearing no shoes.

         C.         the ball is a piece of rock.

         D.        there is no net in the goal.

CESPE/UnB – PAS 1.ª ETAPA  Subprograma 2012 – Primeira Etapa Caderno: Futebol – pg 3 –

The ACE = O Gabarito (From CESPE/UnB)  1E  2E  3C   4C   5C  6C  7E   8E   9C   10C

Técnicas e estratégias de Leitura através do Inglês Instrumental.

As técnicas e estratégias mais implementadas para a leitura em English, “facilitam a compreensão de textos de interesse geral e específico”. Se bem aproveitado habilita ao aprendiz ler e compreender um texto rapidamente para obter a idéia geral é conhecida como SKIMMING; a leitura de um texto rapidamente para localizar informações específicas é o SCANNING. Também habilita ao aprendiz a ler o texto cuidadosamente para encontrar os pontos gramaticais; ou para sua total compreensão, ou até mesmo para fazer julgamentos críticos e ativar o conhecimento prévio da leitura.

Como vimos, o emprego das “estratégias de leitura para o Inglês Instrumental”, associado aos “macetes” do “como aprender e escrever 400 palavras em inglês” – Uma das técnicas de ampliação vocabular muito simples de ser aplicada/aprendida, vem do conhecimento empírico, de Mário Giudicelli – Jornalista brasileiro que trabalhou por mais de 30 anos como intérprete na Casa Branca, logo, ele adquiriu larga experiência e compartilhou-a na rede (web ou net).

As simples estratégias a seguir dão aos alunos do EM a segurança de pesquisar e escrever uma média de quarenta palavras de cada tipo das transformações a seguir citadas, então é provável que interiorize estas técnicas de aquisição e de ampliação vocabular:

1. Para as palavras em português que terminem em –“dade” – substitui-se por TY – e teremos uma infinidade de palavras que seguem este mesmo modelo:  cidade passa a ser city; comunidade à community;  velocidade à  velocity, qualidade à quality, ...

2. Para as palavras em português que terminem em – ÇÂO substitui-se por TION: evolução à evolution; lubrificação à lubrification; nação à nation; revolução à revolution; separação à separation,  ... e o som, pronúncia é /sham/

3. Para os advérbios terminados em - MENTE retire o MENTE e em seu lugar coloca-se “LLY”; assim geneticamente passa a ser geneticaLLY; automaticamente à automatically; basicamente à basically; quando a palavra portuguesa terminar em “L”, como totaLmente, acrescente apenas “ly” à totally;  eventualmente à eventually; 

4. Para as palavras terminadas em - êNCIA  troca-se o êNCIA  por  ENCE. Assim ESSêNCIA passa a ser ESSENCE e todas as outras palavras em “ÊNCIA” seguirão esse mesmo modelo.

5. Esta é a mais fácil de se gravar – as palavras terminadas em “al” são cognatas perfeitas; assim: animal, capital, central, fatal, funeral, general, sentimental, total, vertical e tantas outras são comuns nas duas linguagens e mantêm seus mesmos significados.

Reforçando estas técnicas de Leitura Instrumental, a seguir faço um resumo do empregado nas salas de aulas de INGLÊS (alguns livros didáticos em uso nas Escolas Públicas abordam algumas dessas técnicas).

Algumas técnicas de leitura facilitam a nossa compreensão do texto apresentado:

Layout à é a apresentação/exploração visual do que está sendo apresentado e depende da compreensão de cada uma de nós.

Ex.: o formato, as ilustrações, as cores, os destaques (negrito, itálico, tamanho das letras), o “pano de fundo” dos textos, os graphics, maps, as pictures, ...

Cognates à são as palavras iguais e com o mesmo significado nos dois idiomas.  Às vezes elas são semelhantes ou parecidas e neste caso são também conhecidas como ‘transparent words’.

Ex: os nomes próprios (pessoas, lugares, continentes);

Os números romanos, arábicos, ordinais e suas variações e os símbolos: 1; 1°; 1st; 100 X 5; 20ª;  5 2; #;

As words terminadas em “AL”: animal, fatal, natural, gradual, general, annual, ... Aqui cabe uma observação, devido a diferença do tempo de entrada da palavra em uso – para os ingleses as palavras oriundas dos romanos (latim – nossa língua materna), estão estagnadas, ié, não sofrem alteração, mas no nosso idioma, elas estão em constante evolução, daí certas diferenças, como ‘anual’ e ‘annual’, .... 

The suffixes: sempre tem a mesma tradução:

- “tion” à lemos /sham/ e traduzimos “ção”: nation = nação; introduction = introdução;  evolution = evolução; rotation, rotação......

- “ty” = dade à  city = cidade; quality = qualidade; antiquity = antiguidade; ...

“ly” = menteà gradually = gradualmente;  generally = geralmente;        

“ence" = ência à independence = independência; influence = influência; eloquence = eloquência; ...

“er”  após verbo = o agente, quem faz: read = ler; reader = leitor;  talk = falar; talker =  palestrante, falador;  eat = comer; eater = comedor;   walk = andar; Walker = caminhante;  dry = secar, drier  = secador, ...

“er”  após adjetivo = mais: cold à colder = frio, mais frio; old à older = velho/a mais velho/a; new à newer = novo/a, mais novo/a;  Young à younger = jovem. Mais jovem,...

Key words: São as palavras chaves para a compreensão do que o autor quer transmitir.

Scanning: localização de dados específicos no texto;

Skimming:  identificação de informações gerais como a ideia central do texto (ou parágrafo).

Após essas dicas, ou macetes, espero que a leitura, a compreensão e a aprendizagem, com a utilização das “Técnicas de Leitura de Inglês Instrumental”, sejam mais fáceis e capazes de proporcionar ao leitor ampliar o léxico ou, como empregado em algumas vezes o vocabulário.

Bibliografia:

OLIVEIRA, Sara R. de F. de. Estratégias de leitura para inglês instrumental. Editora UnB. 2ª Ed. 1996.

GIUDICELLI, Mário. Como aprender e escrever 400 palavras em inglês. Net ou Web.

VIAN JR, Orlando. Inglês instrumental, inglês para negócios e inglês instrumental para negócios. (LAEL, PUC-SP/CNPq, N.º ESPECIAL; São Paulo.); Delta, v. 15, p. 437-457, 1999.

___________ The ESPecialist, vol. 29, nº 2 (139-158) 2008. Online 28 Mar 2020.  

 

.

The influence of the colors on human behavior.

The influence of the colors (A.E. colours B.E.) on human behavior.

Firstly let’s understand what is COLOR – it depends on the different degrees on that various wavelengths of light stimulate the eye. Light may be perceived either as originating directly from a light source or as reflected light. White light is perceived as colorless because the eye is completely synchronized to the characteristics of such light, and only a neutral color sensation is stimulated by it. Color has so many meanings for different observers that a strict definition is difficult, if not impossible.

In other words, color PERCEPTION is the process of distinguishing varying ways in which points or homogeneous patches of light appear to a subject. The appearance may be described in terms of hue (red, orange, green, blue, yellow, and violet being the spectral colors or chromatic colors); saturation (from pure, through pastels or brown, to unsaturated, hue less grays); and lightness or brightness (blacks, through grays, to white or achromatic colors).

The next classification divides the chromatic colors into groups by tone, that is, all reds are together, all blues are together, and so on. In doing so, a continuous circle of overlapping hues is formed, ranging from red through orange to yellow, and then through green to blue and violet. Violet overlaps red, thus completing the circle.

As we gained knowledge that color is a sensation that is recognized when light falls on the retina of the eye. Let’s understand that other categories also study them and the Chemistry says that color is a quality concerning a pigment or a tone, the Physics may define color in terms of qualities such as the wavelength of light and its intensity and Psychology describes color in terms of visual perception. The psychologists say that “The color you decide wear in any situation—business, social or romantic — says a lot more about you than the words you speak”.

Well, we want to show you how the colors of the clothes may influence our performance. For this way, we have to realize that in old days you might have chosen your clothes without thinking about your goals. But now, knowing how other people react to certain colors, you certainly will dress them in order to obtain a valuable purpose and help yourself!!!

Red — says energy, power and passion. Red immediately attracts the eye and there is no way you cannot look at it. The red color is associated with sex and imaginary but you also suffer from ups and down.

Yellow — is anything but mature. The eyes see yellow faster than any other color. Yellow creates anxiety and makes you more stressed out but you’re spiritual and intelligent. You are always in high-astral, and enchant the people through where you pass. In the love, you know to seduce and how to make happy as nobody your friends. To feel yourself hold, you must be conviction of the feeling and of the friend's fidelity.  Only this way you surrender and live intensely the love.

Blue — is considered as friendly and approachable. Wearing the darker blues — royal blue and navy — in business situations can score you points. Very pale blue encourages fantasy and flights of the imagination and you’re tranquil and in peace with yourself.  When the subject is love, you are demanding and jealous. The fear being alone makes you diffuse at random in the foot of the kitten and fight without reason. 

Blue-green — is another emotionally pleasing color. In the darker tones, blue-green is associated with prestige and favored by the wealthiest 3% of  North–Americans . These colors, worn by police and armed forces, automatically express authority 

White — is associated with purity and chastity as well as with status. White looks good with virtually every color but worn alone it can signify a desire for freedom. Wearing a white suit or driving a white car implies that you can have enough money to keep your possessions immaculate.

Black — is not a friendly color and people are inclined not approach you in the daytime. But it complements all the female skin tones and has a fragile, thin, and slim effect and you put mystery in your life.

Green – you’re an optimist, well-adjusted joiner who likes the good things in life, including money. Certain, she is not afraid of the challenges that can paint and she knows how to face the front problems. You worry too much about money and, that, he/she leaves a sideways little the ballads and the encounters with the friends. When he/she loves, it is faithful and he/she does to maintain the passion and the affection with its pair of everything. 

Purple – artistic and creative, you may seem eccentric but your passion for expressing yourself impresses others.   

Silver – you’re secure and optimistic about doing financial success.

Brown – you’re conservative. Rather than act on impulse, you plan everything out carefully.

Beige – you have a strong sense of duty. You’re a stable person who tries to lead a productive life.

Gold – independent and showy, you’re a devil-may-care type (do tipo Deus dará) who’s likely to be flashy (ostentatious).

Clothes may make the man, but for women, color may have the equivalent effect, according to Hollywood designer Nolan Miller.     

Adapted  From Woman August 1990 and Todateen Magazine, pg. 20  August 2005; and

Color – Microsoft® Encarta® 98 Encyclopedia. © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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